Music of the Renaissance for classical guitar (of 1536 to 1637)In 1525, in Venice, the printer Ottavio Petrucci was the first to use typography in the production of music. The pages were printed in three stages: first, the staves, then the notes and finally the text and the page numbers. This new process replaced the old practice of handwritten scores and, for the first time, the very rich lute repertory could be widely disseminated.In 1536, that is to say a hundred years after the appearance of printing in Europe, Don Luys Milán, a gentleman at the court of the king of Portugal and of the Islands, published in Valencia, under the title of El Maestro, a collection of music which contains instrumental pieces for vihuela, as well as songs with vihuela accompaniment. Two years later, in 1538, Luys de Narváez published in Valladolid "Los seys libros del Delphin de musica" which introduced into Spain the idea of Variations on a Theme. In 1546 “Tres Libros de Musica para Vihuela" by Alonso Mudarra appeared in Seville. In the third book are published for the first time small pieces written for the four string guitar. During the sixteenth century, a score of books for guitar were published, mainly in Paris. In 1549 Adrian Le Roy, together with his cousin, Robert Ballard, founded an important publishing house which was given the royal seal of approval. Between 1551 and 1556 they published 5 books of guitar tablatures. Round about 1570, the sonority and register of the guitar were increased with the addition of a fifth string. This innovation, together with the introduction of the flat back from about 1650, heralded the birth of the “Spanish guitar".Baroque Music for classical guitar (1670 - 1750) In 1674, Spanish Gaspar Sanz publishes his "Instruccion de musica sobre la guitarra española".In France, in 1670, Francesco Corbetta prints in Paris "la guitarre Royalle". Robert de Visée, successor of Francesco Corbetta as musician at the court of France, had his "Book of guittarre dedicated to Roy" published in Paris (1682). Since 1703, François Campion was given the title of professor of théorbe and guitar at the royal Academy of Paris by king Louis XIV. He published | his "Nouvelles Découvertes sur la guitare" in Paris in 1705 as well as a treaty on accompaniment which includes the first fugues for guitar ever made. In 1692 the Italian Ludovico Roncalli published a collection of music for guitar.In addition, works for the baroque lute from Johann Sebastian Bach and Sylvius Léopold Weiss and the many sonatas for harpsichord of Domenico Scarlatti adapt marvelously well to the guitar.Classical period music for classical guitar (from 1750 to 1840)During this time the Italian guitarists travel through all of Europe. Paris, Vienna and London accomodated these musicians in turn.From 1800 to 1820, the Italian virtuoso Mauro Giuliani (1780-1840), composed the first concertos for guitar and orchestra in Vienna. The Austrian capital also had excellent guitarists such as Wenzeslaus Matiegka (1773-1830), Anton Diabelli (1781-1858) and Leonhard von Call (1768-1815).From 1810 to 1840, Paris became the principal hearth of the guitar. Virtuosos like the Italians Matteo Carcassi (1792-1853) and Ferdinando Carulli (1770-1841) settled there, as well as the Spaniards Dionisio Aguado (1784-1849) and Fernando Sor (1778-1839).Romantic Music for classical guitar (1840-1920)Guitarists travelled widely in Europe and Latin America.Between 1860-1910 Barcelona replaced Paris as the hub of guitar music with Julian Arcas (1832-1882), José Ferrer y Esteve (1835-1916), Francisco Tárrega (1852-1909), Antonio Jiménez Manjón (1866-1919) and Miguel Llobet all being active.From 1890 to 1940 Buenos Aires took over thanks to the arrival there of Antonio Jiménez Manjón and Miguel Llobet.Modern Music for classical guitar (from 1900 to 1950)South America lists talents such as: Miguel Llobet (1878-1938), Julio Salvador Sagreras (1879-1942), Joao Guimarães (Pernambuco) (1883-1947), Augustin Barrios Mangoré (1885-1944) and Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959).In the 1930s, Spain again becomes the center of the guitar with the composers Manuel de Falla (1886-1946), Joaquin Turina (1882-1949) and Joaquin Rodrigo (1901-1999), who write for the guitar without being guitarists themselves.[/b]
Click to expand...